Which of the following is the best example of primary research?

Primary research refers to the method of gathering original data directly from sources through various means, rather than relying on previously collected information. Ethnographies are a prime example of primary research because they involve in-depth studies of people and cultures through direct observation, interviews, and participation, allowing researchers to collect firsthand data about behaviors, social interactions, and experiences.

In contrast, statistical analysis, literature reviews, and surveys of existing data typically involve analyzing or synthesizing information that has already been collected and documented by other researchers. Thus, they do not generate new, original data but instead rely on existing studies and datasets. This distinction makes ethnographies the most fitting example of primary research, as they inherently create new insights through direct engagement and observation of subjects in their natural environments.